What classification of rock includes those that are formed through cooling and solidification of magma?

What classification of rock includes those that are formed through cooling and solidification of magma?

• A. Metamorphic rock
• B. Sedimentary rock
• C. Igneous rock
• D. Basaltic rock

Answer: (C)

The classification of rock that is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma is igneous rock. This process occurs either beneath the Earth's surface, leading to the formation of intrusive igneous rocks, or at the surface following a volcanic eruption, resulting in extrusive igneous rocks. Common examples of igneous rocks include granite (intrusive) and basalt (extrusive). Metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks transformed by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids, while sedimentary rocks are created from the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles. Although basaltic rock refers specifically to a type of igneous rock that is rich in iron and magnesium, it does not encompass all igneous rocks, which is why the broader category of igneous rock is the correct answer.

The classification of rock that is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma is igneous rock. This process occurs either beneath the Earth's surface, leading to the formation of intrusive igneous rocks, or at the surface following a volcanic eruption, resulting in extrusive igneous rocks. Common examples of igneous rocks include granite (intrusive) and basalt (extrusive).

Metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks transformed by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids, while sedimentary rocks are created from the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles. Although basaltic rock refers specifically to a type of igneous rock that is rich in iron and magnesium, it does not encompass all igneous rocks, which is why the broader category of igneous rock is the correct answer.